Evolution of Breeding mode in Bornean frogs

Cinderiana Anne, Anak Richard (2013) Evolution of Breeding mode in Bornean frogs. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Bornean frogs used different types of lifestyles as they choose suitable places to breed in order to fulfill the needs of their young. Thus, they have different types of breeding modes which related to their specific microhabitat. Mitochondrial DNA of partial 16S rRNA gene was used in inferring the genetic study of Bornean frogs’ families. The study was aimed to determine the evolution of breeding mode in families of Bornean frogs based on phylogenetic and breeding mode study. A total of 526 bp of 16S rRNA gene from 24 samples were analyzed using molecular technique approach (PCR-direct sequencing). Character coding based on previous study data was used in constructing trees by using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ), and Maximum parsimony (MP). The phylogenetic trees topologies based on 16S rRNA gene show no pattern of each relationship of the breeding mode of frogs’ family. Although partial gene 16S rRNA was used to study amphibian at a specific level, however 16S rRNA is not a suitable gene marker to highlights the breeding mode. Besides that, the tree produced from character coding based on previous study does not have enough characters to infer the representative species. This study should be enhanced in future in order to infer the phylogeny of Bornean frogs based on DNA and breeding mode by adding samples, characters, and breeding mode.

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