Water quality of runoff from soil applied with prawn pond sludge

Kheirulnizam, Abdul Rahim (2006) Water quality of runoff from soil applied with prawn pond sludge. [Final Year Project Report / IMRAD] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Prawn aquaculture has become one of the most profitable of aquaculture food industries. Increasing amount of aquaculture shrimp ponds is causing a lot of impact especially on the mangrove ecosystems. Sludge from the bottom pond of prawn aquaculture is one of the potential sources of environmental problems since a lot of nutrients and other pollutants may accumulate there. Farmers usually dried the sludge and remove it to an unknown location. Possible leaching of the pollutants from the sludge may cause a clear detrimental effect on the environment, especially the surrounding water bodies. Leaching of nutrients from tiger prawn aquaculture (penaeus monodon) sludge through runoff are around 10 to 15% of the total nutrients. The leaching of nitrate and nitrite are quite low but a relatively high ammonia and orthophosphate concentration are monitored from the runoff. Solids effluents through runoff are quite high. The second rainfall on the same sludge residue shows less amount of pollutants but significantly higher amount of oxygen demand. The range of nutrients are 0.23 to 0.36 mg/I (ammonia), 0.57 to 0.90 (nitrate), 0.03 to 0.06 (nitrites) and 0.79 to 1.23 (reactive phosphorus) in the first rainfall simulations while in the second rainfall, the concentration decreases to 0.3 (ammonia), 0.30 to 0.43 (nitrate), 0.005 to 0.007 (nitrite) and 0.35 to 0.39 (reactive phosphorus)

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