The effect of soil types, pH, and geographical locations on carcinogenic metal buildup in Oryza sativa cultivated in Ghana.

Ebenezer Aquisman, Asare and Dickson, Abdul Wahab and Anita, Asamoah and Samuel Boakye, Dampare and Elsie Efah, Kaufmann and Rafeah, Wahi and Zainab, Ngaini and Charles Kofi, Klutse and Nana Ama Browne, Klutse and Crentsil Kofi, Bempah and Joseph Richmond, Fianko and Evelyn Ama, Otoo (2024) The effect of soil types, pH, and geographical locations on carcinogenic metal buildup in Oryza sativa cultivated in Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196 (494). pp. 1-18. ISSN 1573-2959

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Abstract

This study investigated the impact of soil type, pH, and geographical locations on the accumulation of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in rice grains cultivated in Ghana. One hundred rice farms for the sampling of rice grains and soil were selected from two regions in Ghana—Volta and Oti. The concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd were analyzed using ICP-OES. Speciation modeling and multivariate statistics were employed to ascertain the relations among measured parameters. The results showed signifcant variations in soil-As, Pb, and Cd levels across diferent soil types and pH ranges, with the highest soil-As and Cd found in alkaline vertisols. For soil-As and Cd, the vertisols with a pH more than 7.0 exhibited the highest mean concentration of As (2.51 ± 0.932 mgkg-1) and Cd (1.00 ± 0.244 mgkg−1) whereas for soil-Pb, the luvisols of soil types with a pH less than 6.0 exhibited the highest mean concentration of Pb (4.91 ± 1.540 mgkg−1). Grain As, Pb, and Cd also varied across soil types and pH levels. In regards to grain-As, the vertisols soil type, with a pH less than 6.0, shows the highest mean concentration of grain As, at 0.238 ± 0.107 mgkg−1. Furthermore, vertisols soil types with a pH level less than 6.0 showed the highest mean concentration of grain Cd, averaging at 0.231 ± 0.068 mgkg−1 while luvisols, with a pH less than 6.0, exhibited the highest mean concentration of grain Pb at 0.713 ± 0.099 mgkg−1. Speciation modeling indicated increased bioavailability of grains Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in acidic conditions.

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