Type 1 or type 2 diabetes : has the ship already sailed?

Amy E., Morrison and Sim, Sing Yee and Marie-France, Kong and Rob, Gregory (2021) Type 1 or type 2 diabetes : has the ship already sailed? The British Journal of Diabetes (BJD), 21 (1). pp. 116-119. ISSN 2397-6241

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Abstract

Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition characterised by loss of pancreatic beta cells and therefore insulin production. C-peptide, secreted in equal amounts to insulin, can be used to assess beta cell function, the concentration being reflective of endogenous insulin production.1 Type 1 diabetes is often associated with other organ-specific autoimmune conditions, most commonly autoimmune thyroid disease, associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and coeliac disease, associated with tissue transglutaminase antibodies.2 Islet autoantibodies to islet tyrosine phosphatase antigen-2 (IA-2), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD-65) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) can be seen in patients who develop type 1 diabetes months to years prior to diagnosis.3 One of more of these antibodies is present in 80–90% of patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.

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