Improving Channel Assignment for Vehicular Ad-hoc Sensor Network in Disaster Management System

Chiu Shoon, Sia (2024) Improving Channel Assignment for Vehicular Ad-hoc Sensor Network in Disaster Management System. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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Abstract

The disaster is categorized as unavoidable and essential planetary action. When these natural phenomena form in extreme format, they could significantly impact daily life, property, the environment generally, and global economics particularly. This aims for design making and actions taken through the collaboration and cooperation of many experts from various disciplines. Although primary and secondary research suggested that there is room for limitations in the existing information and communication technology (ICT) that affects the effectiveness and efficiency of an emergency response task. Due to this, this research focuses on building improved Channel assignments on Vehicular Ad-hoc Sensor Network (VASNET) to investigate the proposed algorithms and methods to improve the reliability of the Disaster Management System (DMS) during emergency operations for natural and man�made disasters. The conventional VASNET in terms of infrastructure that consists of Roadside Sensor Unit (RSU) may partially or entirely destroyed during the post-disaster scenario. As such, performance degradation of VASNET affects the network infrastructure with high packet loss, delay and a massive of energy consumption on Disaster Management System. Therefore, modification of VASNET is a must to improve and solve the current problem of VASNET technology. The proposed algorithms and methods are implemented using an Omnet++ network simulator with network formation, Channel assignment, and Packet Scheduling to reduce node-to-node interference with computational overhead that significantly impacts the performance. Furthermore, large bandwidth is the major problem in current VASNET architecture as the study of network formation and channel assignment to further improved by introducing a backup path in terms of reliability. To assign or allocate the channel in a multi-channel and multi-node environment. We need a medium so-called multi-interface that include switchable and fixed interface on every node UEs (User Equipment) in the VASNET topology. This is because the channel assigns might under�utilize or fully utilize in multi-node situations. Moreover, a high spectrum and spectrum scarcity could affect the VASNET packet broadcasting performance. Therefore, in this research, we proposed an OFDMA and SC-FDMA implementation in this research study to overcome those problems on the uplink and downlink stage, to ensure Channel Assignment is fully implemented to achieve this research objective and answer the research question as well. This research shows that packet loss has a more significant influence when measured over the proposed methods and algorithms, as well as delay and energy consumption during the evaluation stage. LTE-A Improved Channel (LTE-AIC) was suggested and implemented with proposed algorithms and methods to compare with conventional LTE-A and LTE as a benchmark. According to the simulation result, the packet loss able to reduce on LTE-AIC with an average of 54.82% with respect to normal LTE-A and 64.05% compared to LTE on low data rate (CQI=2). On a high data rate (CQI=7), an average of 10.98% improved for LTE-AIC compared to normal LTE-A and an average of 19.70% with respect to LTE. On the other hand, 36.32% improved on LTE-AIC with an average end-to-end delay compared to normal LTE-A and an average of 49.44% compared to LTE on low data rate. Moreover, an average of 22.91% for LTE-AIC with respect to normal LTE-A and 38.63% compared to LTE for high data rate. In terms of energy consumption, an average of 20.90% improved on LTE-AIC compared to normal LTE-A and 33.36% with respect to LTE on a low data rate. Lastly, an average of 23.69% was reduced on LTE-AIC compared to normal LTE-A, and 44.04% compared to LTE for 1km coverage in this simulation. Consequently, this research study greatly contributes to the proposed methods and algorithms for VASNET in LTE-AIC on improved Channel Assignment for Disaster Management Systems explicitly proposed.

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