Post‑discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate‑to‑critical COVID‑19 : a cross‑sectional study

Chai, Chee Shee and MuhammadAmin, Ibrahim and NurAmira, Azhar and Zulaika, Roslan and Rozila, Harun and Swarna Lata, Krishnabahawan and Aruna A. P., Karthigayan and Roqiah Fatmawati, Abdul Kadir and Busra, Johari and Diana Ng, Leh Ching and Benedict Sim, Lim Heng and Lim, Chong Kin and Abdul Razak, Muttalif and Ahmad Hata, Rasit and Kalaiarasu M., Peariasamy and Mohammed Fauzi, Abdul Rani (2024) Post‑discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate‑to‑critical COVID‑19 : a cross‑sectional study. Scientific Report, 4 (16413). pp. 1-13. ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

Understanding the prevalence of abnormal lung function and its associated factors among patients recovering from COVID-19 is crucial for enhancing post-COVID care strategies. This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75–37.42, p = 0.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19–10.47, p = 0.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52–4.30, p < 0.001), and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.20–3.06, p = 0.007). This study highlights that patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19 often exhibit abnormal spirometry, notably a restrictive pattern and PRISm. Routine spirometry screening for high-risk patients is recommended.

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