Phytochemical Profiling of Garcinia rostrata, Garcinia dryobalanosides and Garcinia cuneifolia and Their Antibacterial Activity

Nor Hisam, Zamakshshari and Nur Fazlin Zafirah, Zaine and Dayang Nurul Anisa, Abang Heilman and Ainaa Nadiah, Abd Halim and Surisa, Phornvillay and Yeo, Kai Wei and Vivian Jong, Yi Mian and Fasihuddin Badruddin, Ahmad (2024) Phytochemical Profiling of Garcinia rostrata, Garcinia dryobalanosides and Garcinia cuneifolia and Their Antibacterial Activity. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 14 (1). pp. 80-87. ISSN 0128-2972

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Abstract

Garcinia spp. have been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, and recent studies have confirmed their pharmacological activities. In this context, the present study focused on three Garcinia spp., namely Garcinia rostrata, Garcinia dryobalanoides and Garcinia cuneifolia, which gain less attention in terms of their phytoconstituent and biological activity data. Methodologically, in this study, the phytochemical constituents of the three Garcinia sp. was determined through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whereby the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Disc diffusion and Dilution method. The results showed that the extract from Garcinia dryobalanoides exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens compared to the other species. The phytochemical analysis found that Garcinia dryobalanoides extract contained significant amounts of (Z)-18-Octadec-9-enolide and n-hexadecanoic acid, which are known to possess antibacterial properties. These major constituents were found to interact synergistically to produce the observed antibacterial activity. The findings suggested that Garcinia dryobalanoides could be a promising source for developing new antibiotics to combat bacterial infections. Overall, this study highlights the potential of Garcinia spp. for discovering new bioactivities, particularly their antibacterial properties. Further research is needed to explore the full range of phytochemical constituents and biological activities of these plants, which could lead to the development of new drugs to combat antibiotic resistance.

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