Soil Suffusion under the Dual Threat of Rainfall and Seismic Vibration

Imtiyaz Akbar, Najar and Raudhah, Ahmadi and Yunika Kirana, Abdul Khalik and Siti Noor Linda, Taib and Norsuzailina, Mohamed Sutan and Nur Hisyam, Ramli (2023) Soil Suffusion under the Dual Threat of Rainfall and Seismic Vibration. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 18 (4). pp. 849-860. ISSN 1755-7445

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Abstract

This paper employs the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to investigate the combined effects of seismic vibrations and rainfall on soil suffusion, a process leading to soil instability. Earthquake activity can accelerate soil liquefaction, exacerbating suffusion, while heavy rainfall can increase soil weight, inducing instability. Consequently, the repercussions of seismic activity and rainfall on suffusion may induce further damage and instability to civil infrastructure. The review reveals that the compound impact of rainfall and seismic vibrations can precipitate severe damage and instability, primarily through two mechanisms. First, earthquakes can catalyze soil liquefaction, inciting soil movement and amplifying the suffusion process. Second, heavy rainfall can saturate the soil, augmenting its weight and rendering it unstable, thereby inducing suffusion. However, the review also reveals a significant gap in understanding and mitigating suffusion triggered by simultaneous rainfall and seismic activity. Current techniques for identifying and mitigating such suffusion are inadequate, highlighting the need for further research. This review posits that the interaction of rainfall and seismic vibrations as a catalyst for soil suffusion demands additional scrutiny. It provides a comprehensive understanding of suffusion and the impact of rainfall and seismic vibrations on suffusive soils, serving as a basis for future studies on this important issue.

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