Skill Acquisition (TVET) and Empowerment: A Case Study of Returnee Migrants in Edo-State, Nigeria

Ohagwu Marcellinus, Onyekachi (2023) Skill Acquisition (TVET) and Empowerment: A Case Study of Returnee Migrants in Edo-State, Nigeria. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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Abstract

This study explored ETAHT TVET programmes as a platform that equipped individuals(research participants) with relevant TVET skills, thus empowering them to attain self-reliance and improve their socio-economic status. Relevant literature relating to this study's core subject matters—skill acquisition (TVET), returnee migrants, and empowerment—was discussed, with overwhelming support in favour of the assertion that the TVET programme is a pathway to empowerment and improved socio-economic development. A qualitative approach and non-probability sampling methods, specifically the snowball sampling technique, have been employed to conduct this study. Based on the three objectives of this research and using qualitative analysis and discussion approach – the findings of this study are; (1), ETAHT TVET programmes positively impacted socio-economically, in the lives of returnee migrants; (2), the majority of the research participants (50%), were empowered by ETAHT TVET programmes – therefore, TVET programmes are considered an empowerment pathway; (3), aside from the fact that ETAHT significantly impacted in the lives of returnee migrants (research participants) by making the majority of them self-employed entrepreneurs (93.33%); these entrepreneurs created jobs and wealth, hereby reducing Edo State’s unemployment indices. Also, both ETAHT TVET programmes graduates-turned entrepreneurs’ and their employees, directly and indirectly, pay taxes/levies to the Edo State government; thus increasing the State's revenue generation – used in developing the state. Although this study achieved its objectives, however, it noticed challenges confronted by TVET programmes in Nigeria, and based on these challenges, research participants offered approaches to address empowered-targeted TVET programmes as follows; (i), awareness creation; (ii), sufficient funding; (iii), tackling corruption and financial mismanagement; and (iv), monitoring of TVET graduates post-training. Based on v the recommendations, this study created a tested practical framework that applies to empowerment-targeted TVET programme; including approaches that sustain empowerment. Above all, this study asserts that well-structured TVET programmes are an empowerment technique.

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