Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure

Vei Ling, Wong (2023) Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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Abstract

Hyperthermia treatment procedure (HTP) is an alternative treatment for cancer, where it induces heat and forms a biological effect. The efficiency of the hyperthermia procedure depends significantly on the focusing distance position of the electromagnetic energy to elevate the temperature of the cancerous tissue until 41°C to 45°C within 60 to 360 minutes. However, the current non-invasive HTP for cancer has limitations in its penetration depth (PD) and focusing distance position (FPD) on human tissues, which may contribute to less effective treatment on the targeted cancer tissue. Thus, this research is mainly to develop a modified metamaterial-split ring resonator (MTM-SRR) lens structure for enhancing the FPD of different stages of breast cancers. To achieve the mentioned objective, five research phases are performed. First, the development of breast phantom. Second is microstrip antenna development, which follows metamaterial (MTM) lens development, then water bolus addition and the fifth, in which the final phase is the validation of the outcomes. These experiment components are developed using the SEMCAD X 14.8.4 software simulator. With SEMCAD X 14.8.4, an electromagnetic (EM) simulation is conducted to obtain the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) distribution towards the developed breast phantom, which consists of breast fat and breast cancer tissue. From the SAR, the PD and FPD are measured. As the results, the integration of MTM has performed in a significant effect by enhancing the FPD of HTP and existed lesser unwanted hotspots area. The FPD coverage percentage of HTP execution with selected MTM-SRR designs reached 95.32%, 87.48%, 81.08% and 89.45% for early stage, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 of breast cancer respectively. In addition, different stages of cancers required different suitable operating frequencies and different D0 of MTM. Then, with the addition of water bolus, the unwanted hotspots are reduced further and reshaped the SAR distribution to attain the effective field size of SAR for HTP. In summary, with a modified MTM structure applicator with the addition of water bolus, the PD and FPD on the treated cancer tissue can be enhanced and improved further. However, further work is required to perform laboratory experimentation on a real proposed HTP applicator prototype with mimicked breast cancer tissue to observe the SAR distribution of PD and FPD.

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