Prevalence of Modifiable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Cardiac Patients who were Enrolled on Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme for Secondary Cardiac Prevention in a Local Heart Centre in Malaysia

Chai, Chau Chung and Leong, Be Kim and Liew, Lin Kiat and Chow, Kok Cheow and Kevin Wong Wu, Kein (2023) Prevalence of Modifiable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Cardiac Patients who were Enrolled on Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme for Secondary Cardiac Prevention in a Local Heart Centre in Malaysia. Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology, 30 (1). p. 33. ISSN 2790-6744

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Abstract

Introduction: One of the important goals of cardiac rehabilitation programme (CRP) is secondary cardiac prevention through managing modifiable cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors among cardiac patients. There were limited local studies on the prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors among cardiac patients who were enrolled on CRP for planning and allocation of resources in resource-limited settings of local CRP in Malaysia. Objective: To determine the prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors among cardiac patients who were enrolled on CRP for secondary cardiac prevention in Sarawak Heart Centre, Malaysia Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study involved 82 cardiac patients who were enrolled on CRP in Sarawak Heart Centre from June 2021 to May 2022. We analysed the patients' demographic data and the prevalence of their modifiable CVD risk factors when they were enrolled on CRP for secondary cardiac prevention. The selected modifiable CVD risk factors for analysis were based on latest “Malaysia clinical practice guideline (CPG) on primary and secondary prevention of CVD 2017” which included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, over-weight or obesity (BMI ≥ 23), psychological factor (stress, anxiety or depression), active smoker, physical inactivity (less than the recommended level of 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activities) and diet low in fruits and vegetables (less than recommended 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day). Results: For the patients’ demographic data as shown in table 1, the majority of our cardiac patients who enrolled on CRP were male (91.5%), malay (45.1%), attained highest secondary education level (46.3%) and had referral diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (61%). The prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors among cardiac patients who were enrolled on CRP in Sarawak Heart Centre from the highest to lowest percentage are shown in table 2. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors among cardiac patients who were enrolled on CRP in Sarawak Heart Centre with top three highest prevalent modifiable CVD risk factors being physical inactivity, diet low in fruits and vegetables consumption and overweight or obesity which can be emphasised and addressed during our CRP for effective secondary cardiac prevention.

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