Distribution of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters of Peninsular Malaysia and their decay rates in tropical seawater.

Yi You, Wang and Choon Weng, Lee and Stanley Choon Yip, Chai and Joon Hai, Lim and Chui Wei, Bong and Edmund, Ui Hang Sim and Kumaran, Narayanan and Yii Siang, Hii and Ai Jun, Wang (2022) Distribution of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters of Peninsular Malaysia and their decay rates in tropical seawater. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185 (114297). pp. 1-12. ISSN 0025-326X

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Abstract

We investigated the appropriateness of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters. We compared total coliform (undetectable to 7.2 × 105 cfu 100 mL− 1 ), faecal coliform (undetectable to 6.1 × 105 cfu 100 mL− 1 ) and enterococci (undetectable to 3.1 × 104 cfu 100 mL− 1 ) distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal indicator bacteria was highest in freshwater, and lowest in seawater (q > 4.18, p < 0.01). We also measured the decay rates of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium in microcosms. In seawater, average decay rate for E. coli was 0.084 ± 0.029 h− 1 , and higher than E. faecium (0.048 ± 0.024 h− 1 ) (t = 2.527, p < 0.05). Grazing accounted for 54 % of both E. coli and E. faecium decay. E. coli decayed in the <0.02 μm seawater fraction (0.023 ± 0.012 h− 1 ) but E. faecium sometimes grew. Seawater warming further uncoupled the response from both E. coli and E. faecium as E. faecium grew and E. coli decayed with warming. Our results suggested that the prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters was not due to faecal pollution alone, and this will have serious implications towards the use of these faecal indicator bacteria.

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