Sistem Fonologi Dalam Bahasa Kenyah Badeng Di Sungai Koyang Belaga Sarawak

Ribka Tening, Robert (2021) Sistem Fonologi Dalam Bahasa Kenyah Badeng Di Sungai Koyang Belaga Sarawak. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Kenyah Badeng is a minority language in Sarawak. The purpose of this study is toproduce a preliminary descriptionof the phonological system of Kenyah Badenglanguage spoken at Sungai Koyan Belaga, Sarawak. The study examines thephonemes i.e. vowels and consonants, allophones and their distribution in words, andthe process of assimilation in this language. Data for the study were collected usingupstream field research because no previous research was conducted on the language. The data was collected based on 200 word Swadesh list. This was then producedinphonemic and phonetic transcription. In data analysis, the principles of structuralismtheory based on approach were used in the analysis framework fromthe structural approach was employed. The study found there are six vowel phonemes in KenyahBadeng language consisting of /a/, /e/, /i/, /ә/, /o/ dan /u/. There are altogether 18consonants consisting of seven plossives, /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /ʔ/, two af ricates /ʧ/ dan /ʤ/, four nasals /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ and /ŋ/, one fricative /s/, one retroflex /r/, onelateral /l/ and two semi-vowel consonant phonemes /w/ and /j/. The vowel phonemsehave 12 allophones consisting of [i], [ĩ], [u], [ũ], [e], [ẽ], [o], [õ], [ә], [ә̃], [a] and[ã] while the consonant phonemes have 18 allophones consisting of [p], [b], [t], [d]. [k]. [g], [ʔ], [ʧ], [ʤ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [s], [r], [l], [w] and [j]. The distributionof vowel and consonant phonemes displays the distribution of the phoneme systembasedon position in the word consisting of the initial, middle and back positions. Thephonemes of the vowels /i/, /u/, /o/ and /a/ are in the initial, middle, and back VIII positions while the vowels /e/ and /ǝ/ are in the inital and middle positions. Thephonemes of the plosive consonants/p/, /t/ and /k/ are in the initial, middle and backpositions, the plosive consonants /b/, /d/ and /b/ are in the initial and middle positions while the plosive consonants /ʔ/ is in the position behind the word. The distributionof the af ricates consonants /ʧ/ and /ʤ/ is at the beginning and middle of the word. Thenasals consonants /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/ are at the beginning, middle and back of the wordwhile /ɲ/ is at the beginning of the word. The distribution of the fricative consonant /s/ ia at the beginning, middle and back. The vibration consonant distribution /r/ is inthemiddle of the word while the lateral consonant distribution /l/ is at the beginningandmiddle of the word. The distribution of the semi vowel consonant /j/ is in the middleand back of the word. The assimilation process in this language includes vowel nasalization, vowel labialszation and vowel palatalization. The most commonassimilation is vowel nasalization. The process of palatalization is less productivecompared to other types of assimilation.

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