THE DESIGN OF IOT BASED AUTOMATED VERTICAL HYDROPONIC FARMING SYSTEM

CHRISPER, CHANG (2022) THE DESIGN OF IOT BASED AUTOMATED VERTICAL HYDROPONIC FARMING SYSTEM. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

One of the most pressing concerns confronting human civilization is how to meet food demands. According to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world's population will reach 9.1 billion by 2050. It means that between 2005 and 2050, food production must increase by 70% to feed a global population of 9.1 billion people. Malaysia has not yet achieved self-sufficiency in basic food. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries' (MAFI) Agrofood Statistics 2019, Malaysia's self-sufficiency level for main food commodities such as rice, vegetables, fruits, beef, and liquid milk in 2019 was 63%, 44.4%, 78.2%, 22.3%, and 63%, respectively. By 2030, the United Nations (UN) expects that 60% of the world's population will be living in cities. This will result in the city's urban area expanding and, conversely, agricultural land shrinking. The issue at hand is how to boost agricultural output. In addition, how might pesticides be used more sparingly so that they do not damage humans? Hydroponics has gained popularity in recent years due to its capacity to create nutrient-rich crops with little resources. The goal of the project is to create a flexible growth environment using a hydroponic system based on Internet of Things technology (IoT). By creating a smart greenhouse system is one answer to this challenge. The concept of pesticides is not used in this smart greenhouse system's farming as the basic factor can be control inside the greenhouse. The DHT11 sensor, pH sensor, and a EC sensor were all used in this project. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module serves as the system's controller. The real-time database Arduino Cloud IoT stores data on temperature, humidity, electrical conductivity of nutrients solution, pH, and actuator conditions (DC water pumps). Environmental conditions for this project can be monitored and the actuator can be controlled using a smartphone application or using laptop. The result for the project shows that the plants grow healthy and produce big yield as the temperature and humidity are at the optimum value at the average of 29.5°C to 32°C. For the pH value, it was at the range of 6.80 to 7.0 while the EC value for the hydroponic plants is at the range of 1.2 mS/cm to 2.0 mS/cm.

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