Bacterial Diseases Transmitted Through Water Environment and Zoonotic Exposures

Samuel, Lihan (2022) Bacterial Diseases Transmitted Through Water Environment and Zoonotic Exposures. In: 2nd National Epidemiology Conference (NEC) 2022, 13-14 September 2022, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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Abstract

The health of the people is no longer separated from the health of the animals and the surrounding environments such as water, soil and air. The ongoing interactions among the people, animals and environments have changed because of certain factors, among others are the growing human population, climate change and the increasing movement of people and animals as well as animal product across borders. The changes have linked to the outbreak of known and emerging infectious zoonotic diseases, which are the diseases that spread between animals and human. A diverse range of microbial diseases can spread from wild and pet animals to human population. These includes bacteria, viruses, parasites, prions and other microbial agents. Water is one of the most vital resources for all life on earth. Contaminated water and poor sanitation have been associated with transmission of bacterial pathogens such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentry, typhoid and many other diseases. The presence of diverse bacterial pathogens in the water environment with their characteristic of exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance has become a global health issue. Water has become the reservoir for the antibiotic resistant bacteria and the transmission of the bacteria could be possible through certain routes including the drinking of contaminated water and through direct contact during recreational activities. The bacterial pathogens from the animal and water environment have caused significant morbidity and mortality among human population. Over a billion of the people have been afflicted and millions of annual deaths. The outbreak of zoonoses have not only affecting human health but also have adverse impact on regional economics. In this presentation, the presence of bacteria in the water environment and animals as well as the characteristics of the bacterial pathogens from the water and animals will be discussed. The possible routes of the transmission of the bacterial diseases form both sources to human will also be highlighted.

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