Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju

Michelle Ngassy, Mering (2022) Incorporation of Sawdust with Sago Hampas as Substrate for Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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Abstract

In Malaysia, sawdust is widely used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Due to the scarcity and increasing cost of sawdust, this research investigated the feasibility of employing sago hampas as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. In Sarawak, sago hampas is discarded into the river together with wastewater or incinerated, causing water and air pollution. Morphology of P. sajor-caju cultured on PDA medium was white coloured, fluffy with well-developed aerial mycelium. In this study, sago hampas recorded 8% less carbon (38.47%), 0.10% less nitrogen (0.30%), 34% less cellulose (18.61%), and 21% less lignin (1.79%) but 14% more starch content (22.67%) compared to sawdust. The mycelium was cultured and evaluated using five substrate formulations, including 100% sawdust (100SD) as control, the incorporation of 75% sawdust + 25% sago hampas (75SD:25SH), 50% sawdust + 50% sago hampas (50SD:50SH), 25% sawdust + 75% sago hampas (25SD:75SH) and 100% sago hampas (100SH). Mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju of five formulations of the substrate was assessed on the density, the time required to complete mycelium running, primordia formation, and the time required for harvesting. Biological yield, economic yield and biological efficiency were calculated to evaluate the growth performance of the P. sajor-caju. The length and width of the stipe, diameter, and thickness of the cap were also measured to evaluate the fruiting bodies' growth performance. Pleurotus sajor-caju were also evaluated for their quality parameters on the moisture content, total fat, crude fibre, total ash, protein, and total carbohydrate. At the end of each cultivation cycle, the performances of P. sajor-caju spent mushroom substrates on the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content were taken for each formulation. The results obtained from all formulations showed that 100SH is the least favourable for mycelial growth and primordia formation. The highest biological yield (575.33%) and economic yield (543.91%) were obtained from 50SD:50SH, and 100SD recorded the lowest biological (97.85%) and economic yield (84.62%). Biological efficiency was highest for 50SD:50SH (115.07%) and lowest for the singular substrate of 100SD (19.52%) and 100SH (37.04%). The fruiting bodies produced from the mixture of sawdust and sago hampas recorded lower crude protein (14.44%-16.36%) and crude fat (1.82%) content compared to 100SD (21.07 and 2.11%, respectively). However, 100SD recorded high moisture (72.67%), carbohydrates (38.35%), and crude fibre (36.14%). At the end of the growth cycle, the percentage of hemicellulose and cellulose of substrates decreased from 7.73%-33.90% and 0.85%-33.62%, respectively, and lignin content increased (5.51%-36.62%). This study shows that sago hampas is suitable for the growth of P. sajor-caju, especially on the rate of mycelial growth, yield, and biological efficiency as the utilisation of hemicellulose and cellulose supports it. Mixing sawdust with sago hampas is recommended as the best formulation to reduce sawdust and utilise sago hampas as an alternative substrate for P. sajor-caju.

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