SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL FROM SUNFLOWER OIL ASSISTED WITHGINGER LEAVE FOR ENERGY APPLICATION

MONNIE, JOHN (2020) SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL FROM SUNFLOWER OIL ASSISTED WITHGINGER LEAVE FOR ENERGY APPLICATION. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Biodiesel tends to be a potential substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels, although the production indicated the presence of a catalyst to speed up the reaction. In order to find heterogeneous catalysts that are beneficial, cost-effective and environmental friendly. This study utilized the leaves of ginger plant in three different types, calcined (CGL), activated by KOH (KGL) and activated by NaOH (NGL). The properties of respective catalyst types were characterized using SEM, BET and FTIR, studied are well comparable with reported literatures. Operating conditions measured for the three catalysts were reaction time (from 30 to 180 min), methanol to oil ratio (from 4:1 to 10:1) and catalyst loading (from 0.5 to 3.9 wt.%). The ginger leaves activated by KOH obtained the highest biodiesel yield (93.83%) and optimum conditions obtained in 90 minutes of heating, 6:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio and 1.6 wt.% catalyst load. The process energy indices and economic analysis were evaluated to examine the possible advantages of sunflower oil in biodiesel production. The data of this analysis was average assembled from various research paper of agricultural wastes to synthesis catalyst. The total amount of energy input in this reaction for biodiesel production using CGL, KGL and NGL as a catalyst 33.38 MJ/L, 44.72 MJ/L and 38.88 MJ/L, respectively. The energy use efficiency, specific energy and energy productivity of CGL catalyst were 1.4157, 24.3811 MJ/kg and 0.0410 kg/MJ, while KGL catalyst were 1.2728, 26.1544 MJ/kg and 0.0382 kg/MJ and those of NGL catalyst were 1.3524, 25.0267 MJ/kg and 0.040 kg/MJ, respectively, as producing one litre of biodiesel were determined. The renewable energy and non-renewable energy of CGL catalyst (76.03% and 23.97%), while KGL catalyst (80.03% and 19.97%) and those of NGL catalyst (78.57% and 21.43%), respectively, were obtained. Also, economic efficiency for CGL, KGL and NGL catalyst was achieved at 0.4373 kg/RM, 0.4088 kg/RM and 0.4260 kg/RM, respectively.

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