Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for tissue engineering

Maya Asyikin, Mohamad Arif (2021) Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for tissue engineering. In: Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites for gene delivery and tissue engineering. Woodhead Publishing, United Kingdom, pp. 71-77. ISBN 978-0-12-821230-1

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Abstract

The past 30 years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary field that involves biomaterials science, cell biology, cellmaterial interaction, as well as surface characterization. Tissue engineering plays an important role in the restoration, preservation of damaged tissues or whole organs, as well as in the construction of new tissues to replace the lost tissues. Restoration or creation of new tissues normally involves four components, which are progenitor or stem cells, biomaterial scaffold, signaling proteins, and bioreactors. To develop a tissue, usually, the stem cells are first isolated from the tissue of interest, normally obtained from patients’ small tissue biopsy. The isolated cells are then cultured and harvested in vitro. The isolated cells are then loaded into a three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold that has similar properties with the normal extracellular matrices (ECMs) of the selected tissues. Subsequently, the cell-implanted scaffolds are injected into the patient either through a needle or other minimally invasive delivery procedure. The fabricated tissue can also be transplanted into a patient’s body through surgery. Of all the key components, the design of biomaterial scaffold with optimum characteristics is very crucial to ensure success in tissue engineering. Over the years, the role of hydrogels as a biomaterial scaffold in tissue engineering has received increased attention thanks to their desirable framework for cell growth and survival, on top of their unique properties and resemblances with the natural extracellular matrices (ECMs).

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