PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL DERIVED FROM LOCAL GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE)

NURUL MIRZHA SYERLIZA, HALIMIN (2020) PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL DERIVED FROM LOCAL GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE). [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Ginger is a herb plant with an aromatic underground stem called rhizome and it is known by its scientific name as Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Ginger is commonly used in various ways such as flavoring agents, food preservative, cosmetic and health purpose. Nowadays, the study of zingiber officinale (ginger) has become one of the important study to extract essential oil due to its effectiveness to provides medicinal properties in the health treatment. Various methods are produced to extract essential oil from the raw material and solvent extraction is one of the most widely used method to extract components. This research focuses on the production of essential oil from local ginger which is iban ginger by using Soxhlet method with an appropriate solvent and the study of bioactive compounds or chemical constituents in iban ginger for its suitability for medicinal purpose. Soxhlet extraction method is stated to be one of the applicable solvent extraction that can give high yield of ginger essential oil. Quality of an extract is commonly affected by 3 parameters which are the sample of material to be extracted, choice of solvent for extraction process and the procedure involved in the process. Next, applying analytical method using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis for plant active compound study to determine chemical constituents for iban ginger. This research outcomes shows the yield of ginger oil depends on the effectiveness of the extraction parameters. The yield of the oil increase with the increase of extraction time, fresh ginger yield oil better than dried ginger and ethanol is the best solvent for extracting bioactive compound from ginger. The organic compounds that are able to be identified are phenolic compounds, carboxylic acid group, aldehydes, ketones, esters and aromatic compounds. This study managed to identify main constituents of ginger oil for terpene compounds which are α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, zingiberene and α-curcumene and major constituents of phenolic compounds which are zingerone, shogaols and gingerols. This components provides pharmacological properties such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-arthritic, antitussive and anti-microbial activity.

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