Phytochemical Studies and Biological Activities of Piper longum

Collette, Edi (2014) Phytochemical Studies and Biological Activities of Piper longum. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Chemical and biological activities studies were performed on Piper longum. Piper species are widely used in medical. Each chemical constituent present in Piper sp. different part such as leaves, root and stem will have different function in biology activities. This study was conducted to study phytochemical and biological activity of Piper longum. The objective of this study is to extract, isolate, purify and characterize the chemical constituents in the Piper longum extractives. To test the biological activity of the crude extracts and semi-pure compound of Piper longum by, Brine shrimp lethality test, termiticidal, antibacterial and antioxidant test. Sample was extracted by using solvent of increasing polarity. The isolation and purification of the selected partition was determined using column chromatography, Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC). Structural elucidations of secondary metabolites were done by different analytical technique like Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Semi pure compounds will be isolated and characterize and their biological activity was determined. The percentage yield of the leaves, stem and root of Piper longum were 5.01%, 4.32% and 2.92% respectively. Biological activity (Brine shrimp lethality test, termiticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant were performed on the crude extracts and semi-pure compound. The root crude extract was the most toxic against brine shrimp, Artemia salina at 600 ppm at which the LC so is >300. For termiticidal assay against Coptotermes sp, showed the root crude extract was the most active at the concentraction 10% with the average death 81.47% and the LC50 is 18.2. After three day observation compared to other crude extract. The Antimicrobial assay was performed against Escherichia coli. All crude extract and semi pure compound did not showed any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The crude extract of stem and leaf does not shown any antioxidant activity at the concentration 200 ppm, only root crude extract showed significant activity with the percentage 74.93%.

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