OPTIMIZATION AND KINETIC STUDY OF PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION

SIM, SIEW MING (2018) OPTIMIZATION AND KINETIC STUDY OF PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Plectranthus amboinicus leaves are the famous aromatic and medicinal herbs that widely used for medicinal purposes because they show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. P. amboinicus essential oil plays an important role as naturally originated medicines that can be used as remedy to cure illness and diseases without bring any side effects on the patients. Thus, the aim of this project is to extract essential oil from P. amboinicus leaves by using microwave pre-treatment followed by hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method. This method is proven to save heating and extraction duration, cost and energy (Azadmard-damirchi et al., 2010). The P. amboinicus essential oil extracted was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. From the FTIR result obtained, at frequency of 3600-3106 cm-1, it shows the presence of phenolic –OH group in the P. amboinicus essential oil where thymol and carvacrol as the major phenolic components present in the essential oil. Besides, from Foulin-Ciocalteu method, a total of 2.92 mg/g of phenolic compounds were determined when a water-to-plant ratio of 20 was used. Moreover, a second order kinetic model proposed by Kusuma and Mahfud (2015) was fairly fitted to the experimental data. This means that the performance of hydrodistillation of P. amboinicus essential oil can be predicted by using this second order kinetic model. In the condition tested, the yield of P. amboinicus essential oil was optimised by using response surface methodology with the central composite design. There were three independent variables - the water-to-plant ratio, microwave pre-heating duration and microwave oven power with the yield of P. amboinicus essential oil as responding variable. From ANOVA analysis, the optimal conditions that yielded the highest production of P. amboinicus essential oil was microwave power of 260.86 W, microwave pre-heating duration of 3.83 min and water-to-plant ratio of 18.10.

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