Advertisement Calls Of Litter Frogs (Anura: Megophryidae) In Sarawak

Nor Kamaliyah, Ismail (2014) Advertisement Calls Of Litter Frogs (Anura: Megophryidae) In Sarawak. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

A study of advertisement call of litter frogs (Anura: Megophryidae) was conducted in Gunung Gading National Park, Gunung Santubong National Park, Kubah National Park and Matang Wildlife Centre. The purpose of this study was to determine the unique characteristics of Megophryidae in Sarawak and to discriminate species based on the call characteristics. The method used was by record the sound using recorder Sony ICD-SX30 and unidirectional microphone for 3 to 5 minutes. The species that was successfully recorded were Leptobrachium ingeri, Leptolalax gracilis, Leptobrachella mjobergi and Megophrys nasuta. Then, the recorded sound was analyzed using software SoundRuler Acoustic Analysis ver. 0.9.6.0. Multivariate procedures were used to analyze data including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) in MVSP where the result was in dendrogram form, and also Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). Based on DFA, pulse duration between 90% (sustain) have higher character loading (99.7% of variance value) where this characters can be used as diagnostic characters in determining the species. Upon further analysis, the analysis using UPGMA and Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) showed that all the species was successfully discriminated.

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