Tissue Culture of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Maslini, Japar Ali (2020) Tissue Culture of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Neolamarckia cadamba (a.k.a Kelampayan) is one of the fast-growing plantation tree species for reforestation programme and planted forest development in Sarawak. It is one of the best sources of raw material for the plywood industry, while its leaves and bark have medical applications. Hence, this study aimed to establish protocols for in vitro seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction, direct and indirect shoot regeneration of N. cadamba. Seed propagation of N. cadamba is limited due to the lack of viable seed production, thus leading to low germination rate, and the vegetative propagation of N. cadamba by traditional means is not successful. The results showed the best media for seed germination, and seedling growth of N. cadamba was full-strength Gamborgs (B5) medium. Seedling growth and shoot multiplication of N. cadamba were given a positive response to BAP or NAA at 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs) with 10% (v/v) of coconut water (CW) gave the highest percentage of seedling growth under the culture condition 16-h light/ 8-h darkness at room temperature. Also, the combination of PGRs with CW gave a reasonable response to the callus induction, direct and indirect shoot regeneration of N. cadamba. In vitro seedling of N. cadamba grew well under 16-h light/ 8-h dark at room temperature. The good callogenic response was found in a culture that exposed to the 24-h dark treatment (88.9%). However, the 24-h light treatment resulted in a poor callogenic response (22.2%). The good callogenic response was found in B5 medium supplemented with a low concentration of auxins and cytokinins which was 1.0 mg/L of BAP (86.7%) and NAA (80.0%) within eight weeks of inoculation. Indirect shoot regeneration from calli derived from the young leaf explants was successfully initiated by inoculating callus onto B5 medium fortified with combinations of 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA. BAP 2.0 mg/L added with 10% coconut water also can help to promote cell regeneration, division and differentiation of meristem cell. N. cadamba shoots were actively regenerated when the nodal segments were inoculated on medium added with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 10% CW. About 97.8% of nodal segments were able to regenerate shoots, and an average of 19 shoots per explant was produced after 16 weeks of culture. The present study has successfully established the tissue culture protocol for propagating N. cadamba. This newly established protocol could pave the way to overcome the shortage of planting materials for planted forest development in Sarawak, which in turn assures the local timber industries to meet the global demand for wood-related products. Keywords: Neolamarckia cadamba, complex additives, in vitro seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction, indirect and direct shoot regeneration, plantlet regeneration.

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