Relationships between water quality and dissolved metal concentrations in a tropical river under the impacts of land use, incorporating multiple linear regression (MLR)

Liew, You S. and Sim, Siong Fong and Ling, Teck Yee and Nyanti, Lee and Grinang, Jongkar (2020) Relationships between water quality and dissolved metal concentrations in a tropical river under the impacts of land use, incorporating multiple linear regression (MLR). Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 13 (2). pp. 470-480. ISSN 1844-8143

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Abstract

The water quality and dissolved metal concentrations of the Baleh River were measured at 22 stations over four samplings, in March, June, September and December 2017. It is a tropical river under the influence of numerous land use activities including logging, constructions, plantations and settlements. The selected in-situ measured water quality parameters were temperature (Temp), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity. The dissolved metals analyzed were aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg). Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to model the relationships between water quality and dissolved Al, Fe and Mn. Prominent Fe and Mn were detected with increasing turbidity, implying accelerated surface runoff. Elevated Cu was registered during dry season and a negative correlation was established with Zn. The loadings of Cu and Zn were potentially associated with the brake wear and tire wear, respectively. Temporal variability was identified with consistent correlations established between water quality and metal concentrations. The quadratic model is best fitted with the lowest root mean squares error (RMSE). It was found that the relationships between water quality and dissolved Al and Fe were not well represented with this dataset, because the elements were not detected in most of the samplings, except in September. The considerable zero-clustered data may bias the true correlation. It was found that the pH had a significant effect on the dissolution of Al, Fe and Mn, where Mn2+ was ascertained to dissolve in a greater range of pH than Fe2+.

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