Secondary somatic embryogenesis od catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don

Nur Safinas, Jelani (2010) Secondary somatic embryogenesis od catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don belongs to family Apocynaceae, is a medicinal plant that produced vinblastine and vinsrictine alkaloids which are important in treatment for cancer. Low abundance of alkaloid in C. roseus makes tissue culture approaches to be chosen for genetic transformation via somatic embryogenesis in increasing the alkaloid production. The objective of this study is to induce secondary somatic embryogenesis in C. rosells. Seedlings were used as the source to provide explants. Scarification was made to increase the percentage of seed germination. Five explants i.e. shoot tip, petiole, leaf, hypocotyls and roots were used for induction of somatic embryogenesis while only leaf, petiole and hypocotyls were used in induction of organogenesis. MS medium incorporated with NAA and 2,4-D alone or each in combination with BAP were used to induce somatic embryogenesis. Whereas, MS medium supplemented with NAA alone or in combination with BAP were used in the induction of organogenesis.. Result shows that shoot tips cultured in MS incorporated with 1.5 mg/L of BAP and 1.0 mg/L of NAA produced shoots. The callus turned into white-yellow and compact structure after eight weeks in the culture. Meanwhile callus was changed into light yellow and friable structure after 12 weeks in culture especially initiated from leaf, petiole and hypocotyls. However, white and fluffy calli were formed in different concentrations of 2,4-D in hypocotyl and root explants. On the other hand, different results was observed where roots were formed in all of the treatment with all types of explants except in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L ofNAA and 1.5 mg/L of BAP initiated from hypocotyls. It was found that higher concentration of BAP and NAA was needed to induce somatic embryogenesis.

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