REPRODUCIBILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LOW TRANSITION TEMPERATURE MIXTURES (LTTMS)

Yiin, Chung Loong (2018) REPRODUCIBILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LOW TRANSITION TEMPERATURE MIXTURES (LTTMS). In: Impacts and Challenges in Oil Palm Production and Downstream Applications. Nova Science Publishers, New York, United States, pp. 1-16. ISBN 1536138797, 9781536138795

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Abstract

LTTMs are combinationsof hydrogen bond donors(HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors(HBAs) as a new class of green solvents which aim to overcome the limitation of ionic liquids while sharingsome of theiradvantages. The materialsused as HBDsweremalic acidsextracted from cactus, papaya, and luffa cylindricawhile HBAs were L-proline, L-histidine, glycine, and choline chloride, all of which existednaturally in living organismsor plants. Compatibilityof different combinations of HBD and HBA to form LTTMsand varying their molar ratio were the subjectsof interest in this project. A biopolymer solubility test was carried out on all LTTMs to identify the best performed LTTM and utilize it in oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass pretreatment. For LTTMssynthesis, onlyhistidine was incompatible with malic acid. The solubility screening test showed that combination of cactus and proline with a molarratio of 1:1 (CP 1:1) is the most effective LTTM in dissolving lignin (12.87 wt%), followed by luffa cylindrica :proline 1:1 (11.53 wt%). FTIR analysis was carried out and proved the existence and formation of a hydrogen bond within the solvent structure. The most critical disadvantage of LTTMs was the thermal instability due to its weak hydrogen bonding. CP 1:1 showedthe similarresult in biomass pretreatment to the biopolymerssolubility screening test, which is around 12 wt% of lignin solubility. This work provides an alternativemethod of biomass pretreatment for lignin extraction.

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