Systematic study of the genus Paracostus C. D. Specht (Costaceae) from Northern West of Sarawak : Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Aspects

Nabilah Syakirah, Binti Mohd Ali (2017) Systematic study of the genus Paracostus C. D. Specht (Costaceae) from Northern West of Sarawak : Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Aspects. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Genus Paracostus C. D. Specht & W. J. Stevenson is from the family of Costaceae and commonly known as Spiral Ginger. Previously treated as Costus, this genus is restricted to Africa and Borneo. There are about five described species and estimated 7-8 species are distributed in Sarawak. Among this species, they shared several characteristics and only can be distinguish based on the floral character. Thus P. paradoxus, P. eburneus, P. bullatus and one undescribed species of Paracostus were selected for this study to examine the differences between the species via leaf morphological and anatomical aspects. Morphological characteristics were determined based on observations of the fresh sample. As for the anatomical study, the leaves were observed based on the Light microscope compound. The types of stomata on the adaxial and abaxial were differ within the species. As for the P. bullatus, the adaxial; staurocyctic, abaxial; anomocyctic, cyclocyctic and staurocyctic, P. eburneus, the adaxial and abaxial are same; cyclocyctic, parahexacytic-monopolar and staurocyctic, P. paradoxus stomata only can be observed on the abaxial layers which are anomocyctic, cyclocyctic and staurocyctic and Paracostus sp. both abaxial and adaxial are same which are; anomocyctic and staurocyctic. As for the petiole, the differences can be seen through the arrangement of the vascular bundle and total average number of vascular bundle. Both P. eburneus, P. bullatus have semi U-shape with trichrome present while P. paradoxus and Paracostus sp. have slightly V-shape with trichrome present on Paracostus sp. but absent for P. paradoxus. Total number of vascular bundle of P. eburneus is 23, P. bullatus is 20, P. paradoxus is 35 and Paracostus sp. is 20. Identification of the Paracostus species can be determined by the morphological and anatomical aspect.

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