Production of Charcoal from Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper

Muhammad Iz’aan Izzuddin, Zaheid (2017) Production of Charcoal from Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Two selected bamboo species namely Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper were utilized for making charcoal by using steel drum as the kiln. The selected bamboo species had went several preparation steps prior to the carbonization process that turned them into charcoal. The matured culm of each bamboo species aged between 4-5 years old were cut into pieces of 45-65cm length. The pieces were cut according to three major sections of the bamboo, which are the top section, middle section and the bottom section. The pieces were then air-dried for the periods of two weeks before placing them into the kiln for the carbonization process. The kiln was constructed based on the design of Masato Iwasaki’s steel drum kiln. The carbonization temperature used was 476±20°C for both selected bamboo species and the temperature were maintained for 5 hours. Proximate analysis were carried out to determine its content of moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon (wt %) and its percentage of yield were calculated. The percentage of yield obtained from B. vulgaris was 62.1% while D. asper was 72.9%. From the proximate analysis, the moisture content, volatile matters, ash and fixed carbon for B. vulgaris samples were 3.87%, 18.06%, 4.58% and 73.49%, respectively. Meanwhile, the moisture content, volatile matters, ash and fixed carbon for D. asper samples were 4.09%, 13.91%, 5.59% and 76.41%, respectively. These differences were mainly due to the elemental, chemical and physical properties of the bamboo species. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of the charcoal produced were taken and it showed that the structure of the charcoal produced from the two species were highly porous. Both bamboo species can be made into charcoal and their charcoal properties showed that they are favorable for many uses.

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