Development of Endosperm-based Basal Media for Micropropagation of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu)

Shamsyah, Binti Hamid (2019) Development of Endosperm-based Basal Media for Micropropagation of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

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Abstract

Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) is well known as the highest producer of starch plant. High demand of sago starch requires intensify planting of sago. Tissue culture is one promising method for mass propagation of planting materials. Works on sago palm regeneration through tissue culture propagation had been successfully achieved via somatic embryogenesis. However, low and slow plantlets production from somatic embryos deterring the intention to mass produce sago planting materials. This study was conducted to develop alternative basal media based on hypothesis that mineral nutrient requirement for growth is proportional to the mineral content in the seed endosperm. Determination of minerals in the seed endosperm was carried out by chemical analysis and 14 mineral elements has been successfully obtained. All mineral concentrations except Cl was higher compared to common media used, Murashige Skoog media. A new formulated media based on mineral composition in sago seed endosperm showed significantly highest number of shoot (66%) and root (26%) in the embryoids culture but not suitable to improve the multiplication. Another study to examine the effect of individual mineral elements was conducted. Results from this study shown that N, P, K, Ca and Cu had significant effect on sago embryoids growth. Increasing concentration of P (1 ½ x MS), Ca (5 x MS) and Cu (100 x MS) had significantly improved shoot production from the embryoids. Meanwhile, lowering N (½ x MS), increasing K (2x MS) and Ca (2x MS) can improved multiplication of sago embryoid culture. Reduced N (½ MS), and elimination of P and K significantly increased root production from sago embryoids culture. Results from this study can be applied in micropropagation of sago in a way to improve shoot production henceforth better sago planting material production for commercialization. Keywords: Sago palm, endosperm, tissue culture, basal media, somatic embryogenesis

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