Development in Cultivation of Cladophora sp. for Maximizing the Production of Starch

Nurfarahin, Binti Jainuddin (2019) Development in Cultivation of Cladophora sp. for Maximizing the Production of Starch. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

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Abstract

Algae are well-known as the alternative feedstock for the production of biofuel and other value-added products. Carbohydrate in macro algae biomass can be hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars which can be fermented into biofuel and other valuable products. In this study, filamentous green macro alga Cladophora sp. was cultivated in different types of medium; filtered pond water, filtered tap water and filtered sago effluent in order to identify the best medium to produce the highest amount of starch. The main idea is to manipulate its growing condition thereby enhancing the accumulation of starch in the cells, a source for fermentable sugar. Initial trials were done as static cultures using the three types of medium at 12 hours dark/light illumination with continuous aeration. It was observed that the highest starch accumulation of 73.63 g total starch (58.84%) occurs on the 20th day of cultivation of Cladophora sp. in filtered sago effluent medium, followed by filtered tap water medium with 64.15 g (53.02%) and filtered pond water with 57.06 g (49.83%). The starch accumulates to its highest as nitrate and phosphate level in the medium increased ranging from 7.0 to 19.75 mg/L (nitrate) and 6.75 to 8.5 mg/L (phosphate). In our attempt to increase starch production, filtered sago effluent was adapted as the cultivation medium utilising a flow-culture system, employing batch and fed batch processes with supplementation of NaNO3. Both batch and fed-batch cultivations in the flow-culture system showed low total starch content throughout the cultivation period, between 2.70 g (3.06%) to 1.05 g (3.63%)% and 11.8 g (13.23%) to 0.05 g (0.22%) for fed batch and batch systems, respectively. The nitrate level in FSE during cultivation are also low ranging from 0.01 to 0.125 mg/L and 0 to 0.19 mg/L for batch and fed-batch culture, respectively. Therefore, the static batch cultivation system was adopted as the best iv cultivation method for maximizing the production of starch in Cladophora sp. using filtered sago effluent as the medium.

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