Development of a water demand strategy model on sustainable water supply system for Kuching city

Mah, Yau Seng (2009) Development of a water demand strategy model on sustainable water supply system for Kuching city. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

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Abstract

Water treatment and supply are often granted a much higher priority than wastewater collection and treatment despite the fact that wastewater deserves a greater emphasis due to the impact of its poor management has on public health. A new commitment to give wastewater the same priority as water supply is a very positive development in water demand strategy to support a sustainable water supply system. A pilot project of greywater ecological treatment was established in Kuching city since 2003. Such treatment facility opens up an opportunity of wastewater reclamation for reuse as secondary sources of water for nonconsumptive purposes. This important opportunity and many other opportunities related to water demand management, needs to be evaluated at the real scale of water supply network before a decision could be made for further actions. In this thesis a mathematical model with spatial representation of real system was developed, and hence, provided a vehicle for evaluating a proposed system. Water supply network simulation, which imitates the dynamics of a proposed system is used to anticipate problems and provide solutions before time, money and materials are invested in real world project. InfoWorks WS (Water Supply) developed by Wallingford Software was employed to carry out the hydraulic modeling of the hypothetical greywater recycling system as an integrated part of the Kuching urban water supply, where the greywater is treated, recycled and reused in the domestic environment. The modeling efforts had shown system-wide water saving of 40% on average based on the observed system reinstating that the proposed system presents an alternative water source worth-investing in an urban environment. It was demonstrated that the model had been enabling decision makers like Kuching Water Board; for instance, to figure out whether the integrated system of having the greywater ecological treatment, not only to treat wastewater, but also to reuse it, can be incorporated in their distribution network.

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