Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Studies of Barringtonia Asiatica

Isaac John, Umaru and Fasihuddin Badruddin, Ahmad and Zaini, Assim and Hauwa, Aduwamai Umaru and Dluya, Thagriki (2018) Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Studies of Barringtonia Asiatica. Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal, 5 (3). ISSN 2476-1400

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Abstract

Objective: The hexane leaf extract of Barringtonia asiatica has biological activity, however, the study was carried out with an objective to ascertain its effects on Escherichia coli (ATCC©25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC©14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC©25923) and Kliebsielia Pheumonia and to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the leaves extract using brine shrimp lethality assay. Methods: Barringtonia asiatica extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity assessment was performed by Disc diffusion assay the leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined. Results: The results showed that of n-hexane extracts of varying concentration the 500ppm and 1000ppm displayed more activity with 4.00 ± 0.10, 4.30 ± 0.10b, 3.70 ± 0.10, 4.07 ± 0.12mm and 4.67 ± 0.12a, 4.35 ± 0.07a, 4.05 ± 0.07a, 4.55 ± 0.07mm respectively on all the pathogen subjected to the studies displayed where aSignificantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration b Significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per disc of the extracts concentration tested. However, the result of the cytotoxicity showed that Barringtonia asiatica Leaf extract were toxic on brine shrimp larvae with LC50 value of 208.091 when compared with the control 7.455 thus having toxicity when referred to the fact that LC50 value of less than 1000μg/mL is toxic while LC50 value of greater than 1000μg/mL is non-toxic. Conclusion: The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.

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