Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals derived from paper wastes

Ng, Yuan Ni (2016) Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals derived from paper wastes. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

This study reports on the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from wastepaper, as an environmental friendly source material. Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the raw printed paper were isolated and characterized. Cellulose was extracted using alkaline treatment and followed by the bleaching process, whilst cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by using sulfuric acid (64 wt%) hydrolysis. The physical and chemical properties of the isolated cellulose and CNCs were characterized using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transfonn infrared spectroscopy (ITIR) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). TEM micrographs showed that the cellulose nanocrystals were rod-like shape, with their diameter and length ranged between 5-15 nm and 100-300 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra confinned the progressive removal of most of the hemicellulose, and almost all the lignin were removed by the NaOH and subsequent bleaching treatments. Elemental analysis (EDX) showed 6.04wfllo sulfur impurity in CNCs along with major main components of carbon (60.4%) and oxygen (33.6%). CNCs isolated from wastepaper have high potential as nano-reinforcement in the fabrication of bionanocomposites for biomedical and other value-added industrial applications.

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