Kanakaraju, Devagi and Motti, Cherie A. and Glass, Beverley D. and Oelgemöller, Michael (2016) Solar photolysis versus TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis: a kinetic study of the degradation of naproxen and diclofenac in various water matrices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016. pp. 1-12. ISSN 09441344
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Abstract
Given that drugs and their degradation products are likely to occur as concoctions in wastewater, the degradation of a mixture of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX), was investigated by solar photolysis and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated solar photocatalysis using an immersion-well photoreactor. An equimolar ratio (1:1) of both NSAIDs in distilled water, drinking water, and river water was subjected to solar degradation. Solar photolysis of the DCF and NPX mixture was competitive particularly in drinking water and river water, as both drugs have the ability to undergo photolysis. However, the addition of TiO2 in the mixture significantly enhanced the degradation rate of both APIs compared to solar photolysis alone. Mineralization, as measured by chemical oxygen demand (COD), was incomplete under all conditions investigated. TiO2-mediated solar photocatalytic degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures produced 15 identifiable degradants corresponding to degradation of the individual NSAIDs, while two degradation products with much higher molecular weight than the parent NSAIDs were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). This study showed that the solar light intensity and the water matrix appear to be the main factors influencing the overall performance of the solar photolysis and TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis for degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pharmaceuticals, Sunlight, Photocatalysis, Photolysis, Active pharmaceutical ingredients, Degradation, unimas, university, universiti, Borneo, Malaysia, Sarawak, Kuching, Samarahan, ipta, education, research, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences |
| Divisions: | Academic Faculties, Institutes and Centres > Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Faculties, Institutes, Centres > Faculty of Resource Science and Technology |
| Depositing User: | Karen Kornalius |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jun 2016 03:05 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jun 2016 03:05 |
| URI: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/12536 |
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