Polyphyly of Tomopterna (Amphibia: Ranidae) based on sequences of the mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA genes, and ecological biogeography of Malagasy relict amphibian groups

Vences, Miguel and Glaw, Frank and Kosuch, Joachim and Das, I. and Veith, Micheal (2000) Polyphyly of Tomopterna (Amphibia: Ranidae) based on sequences of the mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA genes, and ecological biogeography of Malagasy relict amphibian groups. In: Diversity and endemism in Madagascar. W.R . LOURENC O & S.M . GOODMA N . Memoires de Iα Societe de Biogeographie, Paris, pp. 229-242. ISBN 2-903700-04-4

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Abstract

Frog s currentl y attribute d t o th e rani d genu s Tomopterna ar e know n from sub-sahara n Africa , souther n Asi a an d Madagascar . Molecula r studie s o f mitochondria l 12 S rRN A an d 16 S rRN A gen e sequence s indicat e tha t eac h o f thes e geographi c cluster s ar e mor e closel y relate d t o othe r locall y occurrin g anura n tax a tha n the y ar e t o eac h other . Th e Malagas y T. labrosa (hithert o subgenu s Laliostoma) belong s t o a monophyleti c grou p includin g Aglyptodactylus, Boophis, an d th e mantellines ; th e souther n Asia n specie s (hithert o subgenu s Sphaerotheca) appea r t o b e relate d t o ranid s o f th e genu s Limnonectes (subgenu s Feyervarya); an d mos t surprisingly , th e Africa n specie s clustere d wit h cacosternin e ranids . Thes e result s sugges t tha t th e Asia n Sphaerotheca an d th e Malagas y Laliostoma shoul d b e raise d t o generi c rank . A s a consequence , th e distributio n patter n o f Tomopterna ar e no t informativ e regardin g continenta l drif t an d biogeographi c Madagascar-Indi a relationships . Phylogeneti c dat a o n Malagas y anuran s indicat e tha t ol d evolutionar y lineage s an d relic t form s (e . g. , Laliostoma, Aglyptodactylus, Scaphiophryne) bree d mainl y i n lenti c waterbodies , an d ofte n occu r i n savanna h habitats . I n Boophis an d mantellines , evidenc e exist s tha t th e mos t basa l group s ar e rathe r generalize d pon d breeders , wherea s th e specios e group s o f fores t broo k breeder s ma y b e monophyleti c group s partl y o f mor e recen t origin . I f corroborate d b y furthe r evidence , thi s tren d woul d indicat e a n originall y relativel y dr y an d ope n habita t typ e i n Madagasca r a t th e tim e o f differentiatio n o f th e mai n lineage s o f Malagas y anurans , whic h ma y hav e take n plac e i n th e lat e Mesozoi c o r earl y Cenozoi

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