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[1] A. A. Aldarmahi, "The impact of problem Based Learning versus Conventional education on Students in the Aspect of Clinical Reasoning and problem Solving," Education in Medicine Journal, vol. 8, (2016). [2] L. C. Sern and K. M. Salleh, "Comparison of Example-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning in Engineering Domain," Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 3, pp. 39-45, (2015). [3] A. M. Clyne and K. L. Billiar, "Problem-Based Learning in Biomechanics: Advantages, Challenges, and Implementation Strategies," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 138, pp. 070804-070804-9, (2016). [4] S. S. Desai, B. S. Hungund, and S. D. Desai, "Assessment of Program Outcome by Open-Ended Experiment in Enzyme Technology Laboratory Course," New Delhi pp. 617-618, (2015). [5] Z. Haron, S. Mohammad, and A. R. Sam, "The Implementation of an Open-Ended Experiment in the Civil Engineering Laboratory," Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 102, pp. 548-559, (2013). [6] M. Hastie and J. Haelssig, "AN OPEN-ENDED DESIGN-BASED LAB EXERCISE FOR A FIRST THERMOFLUIDS COURSE," Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association, (2017). (1)
[1] A. A. Rahman, N. A. Bakar, F. Hanaffi, A. Khamis, and U. Teknikal, “Study of Renewable Energy Potential in Malaysia,” pp. 170–176, 2011. [2] A. González, J. R. Riba, and A. Rius, “Optimal sizing of a hybrid grid-connected photovoltaicwind-biomass power system,” Sustain., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 12787–12806, 2015. [3] O. Erdinc and M. Uzunoglu, “Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy systems: Overview of different approaches,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1412–1425, 2012. [4] HOMER Energy LLC, “HOMER Pro Version 3.7 User Manual,” HOMER Energy, no. August, p. 416, 2016. [5] S. S. Abd Wahid et al., “Evaluation of Residential Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System as the Potential Energy Source in Malaysia,” TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Comput. Electron. Control., vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1235, 2016. [6] P. D. Abd. Aziz, S. S. A. Wahid, Y. Z. Arief, and N. Ab. Aziz, “Evaluation of solar energy potential in Malaysia,” Trends Bioinforma., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 35–43, 2016. [7] M. S. Ismail, M. Moghavvemi, and T. M. . Mahlia, “Techno-economic analysis of an optimized photovoltaic and diesel generator hybrid renewable power system for remote houses in tropical climate,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 69, pp. 163–173, 2013. [8] Y. P. Olisa and K. W. Kotingo, “Utilization of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) as solid fuel for steam boiler,” Eur. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2014. [9] Lambert T, Gilman PG, Lilienthal P. Micropower system modeling with HOMER, integration of alternative source of energy 2006. Citing internal sources. (1)
1. Agenda 21 – Projekt Kindergesundheit. Handbuch mit erfolgreichen Bewegungs-, Ernährungsund Mobilitätsbeispielen für Kindergärten und Schulen. Karlsruhe; 2005. (Physical activity sessions 1, 6, 7, 17) 2. Bappert S, Bork Ch, Chounard D, Dreher-Mansur S, Horn A. & Kromer R. Bewegung, Spiel und Sport im Vorschulalter – Erfahren und Begreifen durch Spielen und Sich-Bewegen. Weilheim/ Teck: Bräuer GmbH; 2004. (Physical activity sessions 2, 7, 9, 13-16, 18–22, 25, 26) 3. Blumenthal E. Bewegungsspiele für Vorschulkinder – Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsförderung der 3- bis 5-Jährigen. Band 70: Schriftenreihe zur Praxis der Leibeserziehung und des Sports. Schorndorf: Hofmann; 1973. (Physical activity sessions 4, 16, 24) 4. Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Haltungs- und Bewegungsförderung e. V. Bewegungshits für Vorschulkids. 3. Auflage. Wiesbaden: Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Haltungs- und Bewegungsförderung e. V.; 2005. (Physical activity sessions 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 17, 21, 26). 5. Stein G. Spielgeschichten – wir reisen ins Bewegungsland. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer; 2004. (Physical activity sessions 4, 8, 11, 15) 6. Stiftung Kindergesundheit. Tiger Kids – Bewegungsspiele für den Kindergarten. Remagen: AOK Verlag GmbH; 2004. (Physical activity sessions 4, 24, 25) 7. Zimmer R. Sport und Spiel im Kindergarten. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer; 1992. (Physical activity sessions 5, 12, 13, 23) 8. Zimmer R. Toben macht schlau! Bewegung statt Verkopfung. Freiburg: Herder; 2004. (Physical activity sessions 5, 10, 18, 25) 9. Brustad RJ. Youth in sport: Psychological considerations. In Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology. LK Tennant, editor. New York: Macmillan; 1993. pp. 695-717. (1)
1. Ahamed, M. I. N., Gomathi, N., Ragul, V., Priya, M., Priya, R., Rumaan, R. S., Thariq. M. V. & Ahmed, N. A. 2018. Novel preparation of chitosan from crab shell using probe sonicator and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 6(8):133–136. 2. Ali, M., Shakeel, M. & Mehmood, K. 2019. Extraction and characterization of high purity chitosan by rapid and simple techniques from mud crabs taken from Abbottabad. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32(1):171–175. 3. Avelelas, F., Horta, A., Pinto, F.V. & Marques, C. 2019. Antifungal and antioxidant properties of chitosan polymers obtained from nontraditional Polybius henslowii sources. Marine Drugs. 17(4): 1–15. 4. Beil, S., Schamberger, A., Naumann, W., MacHill, S. & Van Pée, K.H. 2012. Determination of the degree of N-acetylation (DA) of chitin and chitosan in the presence of water by first derivative ATR FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Polymers. 87(1):117–122. 5. Bernkop-Schnürch, A. & Dünnhaupt, S. 2012. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 81(3):463–469. 6. Cheung, R.C.F., Ng, T.B., Wong, J.H. & Chan, W.Y. 2015. Chitosan: An update on potential biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Marine Drugs. 13(8):5156-5186. 7. Chien, R.C., Yen, M.T. & Mau, J.L. 2016. Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of chitosan from shiitake stipes, compared to commercial chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydrate Polymers. 138(2016):259–264. 8. Chung, Y.C. & Chen, C.Y. 2008. Antibacterial characteristics and activity of acid-soluble chitosan. Bioresource Technology. 99(8):2806–2814. 9. Dhillon, G.S., Kaur, S., Brar, S.K. & Verma, M. 2013. Green synthesis approach: extraction of chitosan from fungus mycelia. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 33(4):379–403. 10. Goy, R.C., Morais, S.T.B. & Assis, O.B.G. 2016. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its quaternized derivative on E. coli and S. aureus growth. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognocy. 26(1):122–127. 11. Hajji, S., Younes, I., Ghorbel-Bellaaj, O., Hajji, R., Rinaudo, M., Nasri, M. & Jellouli, K. 2014. Structural differences between chitin and chitosan extracted from three different marine sources. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 65:298–306. 12. Hossain, M.S. & Iqbal, A. 2014. Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University. 12(2014):153–160. 13. Hussain, R., Iman, M. & Maji, T.K. 2014. Determination of degree of deacetylation of chitosan and their effect on the release behavior of essential oil from chitosan and chitosan-gelatin complex microcapsules. International Journal of Advance Engineering Applications. 37:69–77. 14. Kae, A., Chang, T., Frias, R.R., Alvarez, L.V., Bigol, U.G., Paul, J. & Guzman, M.D. 2019. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Comparative antibacterial activity of commercial chitosan and chitosan extracted from Auricularia sp. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 17(July 2018):189–195. 15. Kasaai, M.R. 2010. Determination of the degree of N-acetylation for chitin and chitosan by various NMR spectroscopy techniques: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers. 79(4):801–810 16. Kumari, S., Hari, S., Annamareddy, K., Abanti, S. and Kumar, P. 2017. Physicochemical properties and characterization of chitosan synthesized from fish scales , crab and shrimp shells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 104(2017):1697–1705. 17. Lago, M.A., De Quirós, A.R.B., Sendón, R., Sanches-Silva, A., Costa, H.S., Sánchez-Machado, D.I., Lopez-Cervantez, J. & Valdez, H. 2011. Compilation of analytical methods to characterize and determine chitosan, and main applications of the polymer in food active packaging. CYTA - Journal of Food. 9(4):319–328. 18. Li, Z., Yang, F. & Yang, R. 2015. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan derivatives with dual-antibacterial functional groups. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 75:378–387. 19. Metin, C., Alparslan, Y., Baygar, T., & Baygar, T. 2019. Physicochemical, Microstructural and Thermal Characterization of Chitosan from Blue Crab Shell Waste and Its Bioactivity Characteristics. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 27(11), 2552–2561. 20. Muley, A.B., Chaudhari, S.A., Mulchandani, K.H. & Singhal, R.S. 2018. Extraction and characterization of chitosan from prawn shell waste and its conjugation with cutinase for enhanced thermo-stability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 111:1047–1058. 21. Ocloo, F.C.K., Quayson, E.T., Adu-Gyamfi, A., Quarcoo, E.A., Asare, D., Serfor-Armah, Y. & Woode, B.K. 2011. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of radiation-processed shrimp chitosan. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 80(7):837–841 22. Ongkiko, A.G.M., Fernando, L.A.T. & Diaz, L.J.L. 2018. Continuous extraction process of chitin from discarded shells of philippine blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus). Philippine Engineering Journal. 37(2): 37-52. 23. Paul, S., Jayan, A., Sasikumar, C.S. & Cherian, S.M. 2014. Extraction and purification of chitosan from chitin isolated from sea prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 7(4):201–204. 24. Romainor, A.N.B., Chin, S.F., Pang, S.C. & Bilung, L.M. 2014. Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles-doped cellulose films with antimicrobial property. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2014;1-10. 25. Roy, J.C., Salaün, F., Giraud, S., Ferri, A., Chen, G. & Guan, J. 2017. Solubility of chitin: solvents, solution behaviors and their related mechanisms. Solubility of Polysaccharides, Zhenbo Xu, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.71385. 26. Samar, M. M., Khalaf, M. M. and El-razik, M. M. A. 2013. Physicochemical , functional ,antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan extracted from shrimp wastes by microwave technique. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 58(1):33–41. 27. Sarbon, N.M., Sandanamsamy, S., Kamaruzaman, S.F.S. & Ahmad, F. 2014. Chitosan extracted from mud crab (Scylla olivacea) shells: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52(7):4266–4275. 28. Shanmugam, A. & Thirunavukkarasu, N. 2009. Extraction of chitin and chitosan from mud crab scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798). International Journal of Applied Bioengineering. 4(2):31-33 29. Shen, Q., Zhang, B., Xu, R., Wang, Y., Ding, X. & Li, P. 2010. Antioxidant activity in vitro of the selenium-contained protein from the Se-enriched Bifidobacterium animalis 01. Anaerobe. 16(4):380–386. 30. Sullivan, D.M. & Carpenter, D.E. 1993. Methods of analysis for nutrition labeling. AOAC International; 1993. 31. Srinivasan, H., Kanayairam, V. & Ravichandran, R. 2018. Chitin and chitosan preparation from shrimp shells Penaeus monodon and its human ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 107:662–667. 32. Vidal, R.R.L. & Moraes, J.S. 2018. Removal of organic pollutants from wastewater using chitosan: a literature review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 16:1741-1754. 33. Wang, J.C. & Kinsella, J.E. 1976. Functional properties of novel proteins: alfalfa leaf protein. Journal of Food Science. 41(2):286–292. 34. Yen, M.T., Yang, J.H. & Mau, J.L. 2009. Physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydrate Polymers. 75(1):15–21. (1)
1. aid e.V. und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE). Das beste Essen für Kinder – Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Kindern.Köln; 2009. 2. aid e.V. Die aid-Ernährungspyramide – Richtig essen lehren undlernen. 4. überarbeitete Auflage. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz,Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2009. 3. aid e.V. Der Pausenbrot-Check für Kita und Schule – damit alle Kinderclever frühstücke. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung,Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2009. 4. aid e.V. und DGE. Essen und Trinken in Tageseinrichtungen für Kinder.3. überarbeitete Auflage. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz,Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V. und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung(DGE)e.V.; 2008. 5. aid e.V. Esspedition Kindergarten – Ernährungserziehung für die Praxis.Stuttgart: Ministerium für Ernährung und Ländlichen Raum und aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2007. 6. aid e.V. Über Milchpiraten und Limokönige – Ernährungsund Bewegungskartei für den Übergang vom Kindergarten zur Grundschule.2. überarbeitete Auflage. Bonn; 2010. 7. Bayer O, Kries R. von, Strauss A, Mitschek C, Toschke A.M, Hose A, Koletzko B.V. Short- and mid-term effects of a setting based prevention program to reduce obesity risk factors in children: A cluster-randomized trial. Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 28: 122-128. 8. Benton D. Role of parents in the determination of the food preferences of children and the development of obesity. International journal of obesity. 2004; 28: 858-869. 9. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) - Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). Scientific Opinion on establishing Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. EFSA Journal. 2010; 8(3):1460. 10. Eufic Review. Food Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe. Reference Paper of the European Food Information Council. [Internet] 2011 [cited: ] Available from: www.eufic.org. 11. Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung Dortmund, Institut an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Kindern und Jugendlichen – Die optimierte Mischkost optimiX®. (1)
1. Aid e.V. Und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE). Das beste Essen für Kinder – Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Kindern. Köln; 2009. 2. Aid e.V. Die aid-Ernährungspyramide – Richtig essen lehren und lernen. 4. Überarbeitete Auflage. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2009. 3. Aid e.V. Der Pausenbrot-Check für Kita und Schule – damit alle Kinder clever frühstücken. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2009. 4. Aid e.V. Und DGE. Essen und Trinken in Tageseinrichtungen für Kinder. 3. Überarbeitete Auflage. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V. Und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE)e.V.; 2008. 5. Aid e.V. Esspedition Kindergarten – Ernährungserziehung für die Praxis. Stuttgart: Ministerium für Ernährung und Ländlichen Raum und aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2007. 6. Aid e.V. Clevere Durstlöscher – Getränke, Baustein zur Ernährungsbildung in der Grundschule. Bonn: aid infodienst Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft e.V.; 2009. 7. Alexy U, Clausen K, Kersting M. Die Ernährung gesunder Kinder und Jugendlicher nach dem Konzept der Optimierten Mischkost. Ernährungs Umschau. Ausgabe 3/08; 2008. 8. Bayer O, Kries R. Von, Strauss A, Mitschek C, Toschke A.M, Hose A, Koletzko B.V. Short- and mid-term effects of a setting based prevention program to reduce obesity risk factors in children: A cluster-randomized trial. Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 28: 122-128. 9. Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung Dortmund. Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Kindern und Jugendlichen – Die optimierte Mischkost optimix®. 5. Aktualisierte Auflage. Dortmund: Institut an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; 2010. 10. German Nutrition Society (DGE). Reference values for nutrient intake. 1st edition in English. Frankfurt/Main: Umschau/Braus; 2002. 11. Heseker H, Heseker B. Die Nährwerttabelle. Neustadt an der Weinstraße: Neuer Umschau Buchverlag; 2010. 12. Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. The International Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity reviews. 2004; 5, suppl. 1: 4-85. 13. Puder JJ, Marques-Vidal P, Schindler C, Zahner L, Niederer I, Bürgi F, Ebeneggern V, Nydegger A, Kriemler S. Effect of multidimensional lifestyle intervention on fitness and adiposity in predominantly migrant preschool children (Ballabeina): cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ; 2011; 343:d6195. 14. Scaglioni S, Salvioni M, Galimberti C. Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008; 99, Suppl.1: 22-25. 15. Stiftung Kindergesundheit. Tigerkids Kindergarten aktiv Heft 3 – Praxis Teil 1 – Viele Ideen für den Kindergartenalltag, wie Sie den Kindern gesunde Ernährung näherbringen können. 5. Auflage. Remagen: AOK Verlag gmbh; 2010. 16. Stiftung Kindergesundheit. Tigerkids Kindergarten aktiv Heft 4 – Praxis Teil 2 – Viele Ideen für den Kindergartenalltag, wie Sie den Kindern gesunde Ernährung näherbringen können. 5. Auflage. Remagen: AOK Verlag gmbh; 2010. (1)
[1] Awang, S. (2004). Teras pendidikan bahasa Melayu: Asas pegangan guru [Core of Malay language education: Teachers’ foundation beliefs]. Betong: PTS Publications Sdn Bhd. [2] Bruck, M., & Waters, G. (1990). Effects of reading skill on component spelling skills. Applied Psycholinguistics, 11, 425-437 [3] Carreker, S. (2011). Teaching spelling. In J. R. Birsh (Ed.), Multisensory teaching of basic language skills (pp. 251-291). Baltimore, MD: Brookes. [4] Craig, S. A. (2006). The effects of an adapted interactive writing intervention on kindergarten children's phonological awareness, spelling, and early reading development: A contextualized approach to instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(4), 714-731. [5] Deno, S. L., Mirkin, P., & Marston, D. (1980). Relationships among simple measures of spelling and performance on standardized achievement tests (Vol. IRLD-RR-22). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Institute for Research on Learning Disabilities. 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