Preserving Heritage: Exploring the Cultural Essence and Symbolism of Bidayuh Motifs

Jane Eleen, Alison and Marzie Hatef, Jalil (2025) Preserving Heritage: Exploring the Cultural Essence and Symbolism of Bidayuh Motifs. In: International Seminar on Cultural Sciences (ISCS) Brawijaya 2025, 22-23 September 2025, Malang City, Indonesia.

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Abstract

Bidayuh is one of the indigenous communities in Borneo, Sarawak, that possesses a deeprooted artistic identity that remains underrepresented in contemporary design spaces. The term "Bidayuh" stems from "Bi" signifying "belongs to" and "Dayuh" meaning "land", collectively conveying the essence of "People of the Land". Renowned for their intricate beadwork, weaving, and artisanal craftmanship, the cultural essence of Bidayuh art reflects a profound connection to their natural surroundings and cultural heritage, with traditional costumes worn during festivals, rituals, and ceremonies featuring colors that each carry symbolic meanings reflecting Bidayuh identity. Their artistic expressions are further distinguished by elaborate patterns and motifs, inspired by the elements of the flora and fauna reflected in their nature and environment, serving both aesthetic and symbolic meanings. Despite their richness, many Bidayuh motifs and their associated meanings risk being forgotten due to limited documentation and the pressure of modernization. Cultural heritage may fade over time without preservation efforts. Therefore, thoughtfully blending it with a modern setting helps keep traditions alive while making them more relatable and appealing to contemporary audiences (Kong et al., 2024; Ruiting & Inchan, 2024). Understanding and documenting these motifs is therefore crucial for safeguarding the community’s intangible cultural heritage. This study utilizes qualitative methods to document and interpret Bidayuh motifs through in-depth interviews with cultural experts and artisans, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference on their forms, meanings, and cultural importance. The findings not only preserve the symbolic knowledge embedded in these designs but also reinforce their role as living representations of Bidayuh identity.

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