Enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency by using ammonium-based aeration control technology for energy reduction and effluent quality improvement

Maimun, Huja Husin and Mohd Fua'ad, Rahmat and Norhaliza, Abdul Wahab and Mohamad Faizrizwan, Mohd Sabri and Shamsiah, Suhaili (2025) Enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency by using ammonium-based aeration control technology for energy reduction and effluent quality improvement. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 46 (2). pp. 124-137. ISSN 1746-6180 (In Press)

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Abstract

Motivated by the increasing operational costs and stringent effluent requirements faced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) operating activated sludge systems, this study explores the potential of ammonium-based aeration control (ABAC) technology to enhance the current dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategies. The primary objectives are to reduce energy consumption and improve effluent quality to meet regulatory standards. In this study, ABAC and nitrate (SNO2) control were proposed and analysed using the benchmark simulation model no. 1 (BSM1) simulation model. Both ABAC and nitrate control strategies were designed using neural network (NN). Comparative analysis against standard BSM1 DO proportional integral (PI) and SNO2 PI, as well as NN ABAC combined with SNO2 PI, reveals the superior effectiveness of the proposed control configuration. Specifically, it achieves the lowest violations of total nitrogen, ammonia, and suspended solids limits, highlighting its potential to improve the effluent quality of the WWTP. The proposed strategy shows the most significant improvements across energy consumption, effluent quality, operational costs, and regulatory compliance.

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