Content Validation of Malay-Version Instruments Measuring Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control and Intention in Predicting Diet Quality among University Students Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour

ABDULLAH SHAUQI, KUSAIRY and Leh Shii, Law and Helmy, Hazmi (2025) Content Validation of Malay-Version Instruments Measuring Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control and Intention in Predicting Diet Quality among University Students Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In: Postgraduate Research Conference 2025 (POGRAC 2025), 2 October 2025, Auditorium, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras.

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Abstract

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is widely used to assess diet quality, but the validity of instruments measuring its constructs Attitude (ATT), Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC), and Intention (INT) remains uncertain due to limited context- specific studies. Cultural and linguistic diversity in southern Sarawak underscores the need for content validation on the instruments before their use on the field. This study aimed to examine content validity of the Malay version instruments for assessing diet quality among university students in this region. The translated and pre-tested instruments were adapted from the previously published journal articles, mostly under western setting. The questionnaire consists of 23 items: 5 (ATT), 6 (SN), 6 (PBC), and 6 (INT). Three nutrition-related and one public health specialist were invited to assess relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. Quantitative indices, including the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and the Scale- Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave), were used. ATT and PBC showed S-CVI/Ave scores of 1.00 for relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. In contrast, the Subjective Norms performed very well on relevance (S-CVI/Ave of 1.00) and clarity (S-CVI/Ave of 0.96), however it showed a slight weakness in simplicity and ambiguity, with both criteria scoring an S-CVI/Ave of 0.88. All examined instruments demonstrated validity and can assess the TPB constructs used to explain diet quality among university students in southern Sarawak, supporting their use in future research on healthy eating determinants with reliable data.

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