Antifungal activity of ten Mapania species (Cyperaceae Juss.) from Sarawak, Malaysia against crop pathogenic fungi

Ivy Geradlyn Nangan, Melana and Zinnirah, Shabdin and Meekiong, Kalu and Freddy Kuok San, Yeo (2025) Antifungal activity of ten Mapania species (Cyperaceae Juss.) from Sarawak, Malaysia against crop pathogenic fungi. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 21 (5). pp. 649-658. ISSN 2231-7538

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Abstract

Aims: Mapania is found in a wide range of geographical areas, and the chemical compounds of different species within the genus vary. It has attracted attention as a possible source of natural antifungal substances due to its diverse array of secondary metabolites. These variances in secondary metabolites may result in disparities in antifungal efficacy, making Mapania a fascinating subject for further exploration. In this study, the antifungal activities of methanolic root and leaf extracts from 10 Mapania species were evaluated against Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium solani and Pyricularia oryzae (isolate POSA 1 and POSA 2). Methodology and results: Secondary metabolites extraction using methanol was performed on the root and leaf samples of 10 Mapania species. These methanolic crude extracts were used in an antifungal assay against C. musae, F. solani and two isolates of P. oryzae using an in vitro agar dilution assay to measure fungal growth inhibition. Five methanolic root crude extracts and one methanolic leaf crude extract showed a significant inhibition effect against C. musae, with inhibition zone ranging from 0.477 ± 0.222 cm - 0.644 ± 0.038 cm. One methanolic root crude extract and three methanolic leaf crude extracts showed a significant inhibition effect against P. oryzae isolate POSA 1 (0.402 ± 0.014 cm - 0.442 ± 0.028 cm) while two leaf methanolic crude extracts significantly inhibited isolate POSA 2 (0.504 ± 0.038 cm - 0.509 ± 0.043 cm). The inhibition effects of crude extracts were fungal species-dependent and isolate dependent. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the antifungal properties of Mapania species, enhancing our understanding of their bioactive potential and supporting conservation efforts. This knowledge contributes to promoting the sustainable utilization of Mapania species in natural product development and agricultural disease management.

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