Heat Transfer Distribution for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Treatment with Rectangular Microstrip and Water Bolus

Mazlina, Mansor Hassan and Kasumawati, Lias and Norlida, Buniyamin and Mohamad Zulkarnaen, Ahmad Narihan and Bibi Sarpinah, Sheikh Naimullah (2025) Heat Transfer Distribution for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Treatment with Rectangular Microstrip and Water Bolus. Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer, 37 (1). pp. 69-83. ISSN 2735-0142

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Abstract

Hyperthermia is an alternative treatment for breast cancer and uses high temperatures within 41℃ to 45℃ to denaturate cancer tissue into necrotic tissues. A rectangular microstrip patch inset feed line antenna is designed with and without the addition of water bolus to observe the SAR pattern or the heat-transferred coverage to the cancerous areas. A Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) software simulator known as SEMCAD X 14.8.4 was used to develop the antenna, water bolus, breast phantom and malignant tissues. Malignant tissues were designed with three different sizes, with a minimum diameter of 15mm for T1, 34mm for T2 and 59mm for T3. The diameter size of malignant tissues was determined from the mammogram breast cancer images analysis, which was attained from the referred Hospital. The antenna without a water bolus creates more unwanted hotspots if compared to the antenna with a water bolus. In addition, the antenna with a water bolus distributes the heat more evenly, covering cancerous areas. Distilled and deionized water is used as water bolus in the research, and their performance was discussed and compared. Each operating frequency appeared to provide sufficient heat to the different sizes of malignant tissues. The best operating frequency is at 0.915GHz, which can distribute sufficient heat to the T2 and T3 size of malignant tissues. Meanwhile, the improvement of 0.245GHz antenna features made it suitable to cater for T1 sizes of malignant tissues. In conclusion, the good design of the antenna with suitable water bolus helps to reduce unwanted hotspots while maintaining the focus position distance for the treated cancer.

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