Phin : A Lute of the Isan Region of Thailand

Sinin, Hamdan and Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin and Ezra Alfandy, M. Duin and Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said and Mawar Suhaila, Ab Razak and Ahmad Faudzi, Musib (2025) Phin : A Lute of the Isan Region of Thailand. BioResources, 20 (4). pp. 9699-9719. ISSN 1930-2126

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Abstract

The phin is a lute that originated in Thailand's Isan region. The strings 1, 2, and 3 for the phin is E4, A3, and E3. It was tuned to the key of G major. The strings 1, 2, and 3 running notes are E4, F4, F4#, G4, A4, B4, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, A5, B5, C6, D6, and E6; A3, A3#, B3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, A4#, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, and A5; and E3, F3, F3#, G3, A3, B3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, and D5, respectively. The keys F4#, B3, and F3# appear in the first octave only from strings 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In this study, the sound was analyzed with a PicoScope oscilloscope and Adobe Audition. The equation for the polynomial (i.e., the fret number versus the partial frequency) for open strings 1, 2, and 3 is ystring1 = 3.14x2 + 9.10x + 316.07, ystring2 = 2.15x2 + 5.51x + 214.55, and ystring3 = 1.51x2 + 6.53x + 146.24. The changes in frequency (the multiplication factor of the x2) increased gradually with the pitch. Strings 3 (E3), 2 (A3), and 1 (E4) showed the multiplication factor of 1.51, 2.15, and 3.14.

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