Chemical studies and biological activities of piper vestinum

Nur Khairun Nisa', Mohd Sallehuddin (2008) Chemical studies and biological activities of piper vestinum. [Final Year Project Report / IMRAD] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Essential oil and extractive obtained from Piper vestinum have been studied. Hydrodistillation of the leaves and stems of Piper vestinum afforded yellow oils with the percentage of 0.13% and 0.15% respectively. The composition of the essential oils from the leaves and stems of Piper vestinum was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The major constituents of the leaves oil were isogeraniol ( 4.91%), hexadecane (4.78%), 13-carene (4.44%), decanoic acid (3.67%), wine Iactone (3.59%) and dehydrocarveol (3.30%) while the stems oil of Piper vestinum were dominated by ethyl hexanoate (8.68%), benzyl butanoate (7.17%), 13-eudesmol (7.17%), B-selinene (6.10%) and B-guainene (5.46%). The stems and leaves were extracted with hexane followed by dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity. The DCM fraction was further purified by extensive column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. One pure compound with molecular mass of 256 g/mol corresponding to molecular formula of C-HO, was isolated. This compound was isolated as a white precipitate with melting point of 196.8-197.2 C and R, value of 0.86 in hexane:ethyl acetate (1:l) solvent system. Based on the mass spectrum, IR, 'H NMR, 'C NMR, melting point and comparison with published data, the compound was identified as pinocembrin or 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone. Toxicity test on brine shrimps, Artemia salina indicated that none of the crude extracts were toxic against Artemia salina larvae. Termiticidal activity against termites, Coptotermes spp. showed that DCM extract of the stems of Piper vestinum was the most toxic.

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