Finite Element Method Modelling of Microstrip Patch Antenna (S Band) for Return Loss Based on Material Permittivity

Anderson Ngap Chai, Kho and Yi Lung, Then and Khoon Ng, Chee and Dyg Norkhairunnisa, Abang Zaidel and Kok Yeow, You (2025) Finite Element Method Modelling of Microstrip Patch Antenna (S Band) for Return Loss Based on Material Permittivity. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics, 139 (1). pp. 174-183. ISSN 2289 - 7895

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Abstract

This paper presents the use of Finite Element Method in modelling the use of microstrip patch antenna in the S band frequencies, i.e. 2 GHz to 4 GHz, in close contact with materials of various permittivity in the shape of a cube to obtain the return loss measurement and its corresponding frequency. Observation is made to where the return loss value is the lowest for each frequency step in the band. The goal of the research here is to model the effect of changing permittivity using different antenna frequencies and studying the effects on the sample materials chosen. The main goal is to establish the use of the microstrip patch antenna for use in measuring and determining the strength of concrete of varying mix ratio which are casted in standard moulds. If the concrete mix ratio changes, it is expected that the permittivity would change as well. As concrete is not a standard material in the modelling software, materials of various permittivity are selected in place of concrete. The results of this modelling show the permittivity of materials affect the return loss measurements of the antenna across the S band, with considerations to the antenna design parameters, the patch dimensions and the desired frequencies. The results show that, for use in measuring concrete samples in cube moulds, actual testing would need to be conducted as the permittivity of concrete changes from the time casting is done and throughout the curing process.

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