Social Skills Training Using Virtual Reality in High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Systematic Review

Nur Iwana, Abdul Taib and Muhammad Akmal, Azman and Siew Koon, Chong and Hajar, Mohd Salleh Sahimi and Wan Salwina, Wan Ismail (2025) Social Skills Training Using Virtual Reality in High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Systematic Review. Medicine and Health, 20 (2). pp. 493-509. ISSN 2289-5728

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Abstract

Individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) are those who are at the milder end of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although it may not be apparent, they struggle with social skills and face challenges in real-world social interactions, such as difficulty reading others’ emotions and social cues. The traditional social skills training methods, which focus on face-to-face interventions, often lack of engagement and generalisability. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for addressing social deficits in these individuals. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR interventions for social skill training in children and adolescents with HFASD. A thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase databases to identify the relevant literature. A total of six studies that utilised VR technology for social skills training in high-functioning autism and were published in English were included. These studies met the search criteria. Findings suggest that VR-based interventions show promise in improving social skills, as all studies reported significant improvement in targeted social skills such as social interaction, social cognition and non-verbal communication. In conclusion, despite the promising findings in this review, the relatively small number of eligible studies could not conclusively ascertain the effectiveness of such an approach for social skill training. Further research with rigorous designs and standardised outcome measures is warranted to establish the efficacy and optimal implementation of VR interventions for social skill training in individuals with HFASD

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