The Effect of Chronic and Acute Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Exposures on Zebrafish Larvae

Nur Farhana, Mohamad Yusuf (2015) The Effect of Chronic and Acute Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Exposures on Zebrafish Larvae. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) is widely use and utilize in Personal Care Product (PCP) (e. g. shampoo and soap), cleaning agent and use by many industries as emulsify agent. Most of these wastes are then eliminate into the aquatic ecosystem, thus, causing a high potential adverse effect to the aquatic organisms due to the SDS toxic properties. Corresponding to this situation, this study is aims to evaluate the effect of chronic and acute SDS exposure on temporal development and phenotypic development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. In the real scenario, these organisms may be exposed either continuously or instant exposure to SDS. Continuous and longer SDS exposure can be seen in stagnant water (e. g. lake water); representing chronic exposure. In another hand, instant and shorter SDS exposure can be seen in flowing water, (e. g. stream water); representing acute exposure. In this study, Zebrafish larvae was exposed to chronic SDS exposure within 1 day post fertilization (dpf) to 7 dpf, while only ldpf of exposure in acute condition with 0.0004% (w/v) of SDS. Both SDS treatments resulted adverse effect in the temporal and phenotypic development of the larvae. In temporal development study, chronic SDS exposure reduced the free swim and survival rate of the larvae compared to acute SDS exposure but not for hatching rate (p>0.05) for both SDS exposure. Statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA) had shown that free swim and survival rate of the two treatments were statically different (p<0.05). However, the observation in phenotypic development such as pericardial edema, yolk-sac edema and vertebral bent; both chronic and acute SDS exposure did not showed any significant different (p>0.05). Thus, either chronic or acute SDS exposure, both did caused deformities on phenotypic development, but, chronic SDS exposure did caused more adverse effect on the temporal development.

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