Production and Testing of Emulsified Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Egg Based CaO Heterogeneous Catalyst in a Diesel Generator

Tan, Yie Hua (2017) Production and Testing of Emulsified Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Egg Based CaO Heterogeneous Catalyst in a Diesel Generator. PhD thesis, UNIMAS.

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Abstract

This work covers the following main aspects: synthesis and characterisation of egg based calcium oxide, CaO as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production; statistical optimisation and subsequent production biodiesel from waste cooking oil; preparation of biodiesel-water emulsion and subsequent performance analysis in a diesel generator. A new rare kind of heterogeneous CaO based catalyst, which synthesised from waste material: ostrich eggshell was introduced. The catalyst characterisations of CaO catalysts derived from ostrich-eggshell and the conventional chicken-eggshell were investigated and their performance were then compared. The prepared catalysts were characterised by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Carbon Dioxide Temperature Programmed Desorption (CO2-TPD). The effect of various parameters on the transesterification reaction efficiency coupled with waste cooking was then studied. The experimental result showed that 1.5 %w/v catalyst, 12:1 M ratio of methanol to oil, 65 °C reaction temperature, 2 h reaction time with speed of 250 rpm gave the best results. The maximum biodiesel yield is 96% and 94% for calcined ostrich-eggshell and chicken eggshell, respectively.

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