Banana Stem as an Alternative Raw Materials for Bioethanol Production

Anis Sofia, Azmi (2022) Banana Stem as an Alternative Raw Materials for Bioethanol Production. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Bioethanol production from agricultural waste is known to be a promising alternative in replacing the use of fossil fuels in order to prevent sudden depletion of non-renewable source and reduce environmental pollution. Banana stem waste is an abundant source which can be easily found in Malaysia since banana plantation conduct at large scale. Banana stem has been proven to contain glucose, sucrose, starch and lignocellulosic compound which can potentially be utilize as carbon source for bioethanol production at industry scale. Therefore, this is conducted to determine the potential of raw starch and free sugar of banana stem waste in producing an efficient amount of bioethanol. Research had been performed and it is found that starch and sugar available in banana stem do have the potential in producing ethanol. Based on the results obtained, banana stem dry matter was identified to consist of higher amount of starch compared to banana stem sap with 0.615 g/L and 0.016 g/L respectively. Thus, banana stem dry matter was further analyses through conduction of enzymatic hydrolysis to breakdown starch into glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis was done in three different concentrations which are 5%, 10% and 15% of samples to identify which concentration have the most efficient rate of conversion to be used in fermentation step. Samples of 5% concentration showed the highest rate conversion among all three which is 61.87%. The 10% concentration showed low conversion rate that is 39.17% while enzymatic hydrolysis process of concentration 15% are not able to be completed. The high conversion rate of 5% concentration indicates a potential in efficient bioethanol production after completed fermentation process. By the end of the research, the result obtained on ethanol production is 8.5 g/L which also proved the high rate conversion of 88%. The results achieved indicates that banana stem does have the potential in bioethanol production.

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