OPTIMIZATION STUDY ON PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM ORANGE PEEL USING MICROWAVE INDUCED KOH ACTIVATION

SHALINI, PANISELVAM (2018) OPTIMIZATION STUDY ON PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM ORANGE PEEL USING MICROWAVE INDUCED KOH ACTIVATION. [Final Year Project Report] (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The prolific use of commercial activated carbon (AC) is restricted despite AC has been known to be one of the most effective adsorbent due to its high cost since the precursor is usually non-renewable. Hence, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of producing AC from orange peel (OP) since the high demand of orange fruit in food processing industry is resulting in high output of fruit peels as waste which contain high carbon source with low ash content, great adsorption capacity as well as with considerable mechanical strength. This research focuses on the preparation of AC from OP using KOH impregnation followed by microwave - induced activation. The The effects of three preparation variables (microwave power, irradiation time and KOH:char impregnation ratio) on Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption and iodine adsorption were investigated. Based on the central composite design, mathematical models were developed to correlate the three preparation variables to the two responses. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on each experimental design response was identified. Two quadratic models and 3-D graphs were obtained for the influential factors of each responses. The optimization study with an initial MB concentration of 200 mg/L showed that the AC produced with impregnation ratio of 1.62, microwave power of 655.74 W and irradiation time of 5.77 minutes exhibited the highest MB and iodine adsorption uptake of 134.86 mg/g and 1147mg/g respectively. SEM analyses revealed that the prepared AC consisted of uniformly developed pores. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of various functional groups on the surface of the raw OP and prepared AC where there was some shift of adsorption bands occurred due to the evaporation of volatile materials present in the raw OP when heat was supplied to the samples. . Batch adsorption studies of MB on the prepared AC were conducted to evaluate the equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of MB was best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the AC on MB was 144.93 mg/g. The OP based AC was shown to be a promising adsorbent for the removal of pollutant from aqueous solutions.

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